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A collection of UDFs that emulate the most-commonly used Oracle built-in SQL functions.
This zip file contains the C source and the installation and test scripts for
the following User-Defined Functions:
grepc (not an Oracle function)
capitalize (not an Oracle function)
add_months
ascii
ceil
chr
decode
floor
greatest
grepc
initcap
instr
last_day
least
length
lpad
ltrim
months_between
nvl
replace
round
rpad
rtrim
sign
to_char
to_date
to_number
translate
trunc
While I have tested these as thoroughly as I can imagine how to do so, there
is no test like the user's code. Since this is new code, you might expect to
see problems which I have not anticipated. Test all these as well as you can
before putting them into a production system.
INSTALLATION:
Unzip this file with "Restore Directory Structure" turned on.
The source, compile script and test script for each function is contained in
the directory for that function, in a file or files called (something).btq.
Edit this file(s) and change $PGMPATH$ to the full path name of the directory
where this code resides; then you can run it with bteq. I recommend you .SET
WIDTH to 254. I also recommend you review the output carefully for any errors.
It is probably best to install one function at a time in this manner.
If you have perl installed on your PC, you can use ChangeAllPaths.bat to change
all the $PGMPATH$ values in the bteq scripts. Otherwise, you can put all this
on a UNIX system and change the .bat script to a shell script.
Having done that, you can run CompileAll.btq (from bteq) to compile and test
all the functions. These scripts are all set up to install the UDFs from a PC
or other client to the Teradta server. If you are transferring the source
files to the server and installing from there, be sure to change all the
EXTERNAL NAME clauses of REPLACE FUNCTIONs from "CS" and "CI" to "SS" and
"SI," respectively.
Note that many of these UDFs use C ASCII string functions. If the user ID
that installs the functions has a default character set of UNICODE, then the
system will assume that the UDFs can process Unicode strings, and the UDFs
will always see only the first character of each parameter. (The second byte
will be 0x00, which looks like end-of-string in ASCII.) If Kanji support was
installed on the Teradata system, then all users will have the UNICODE default
character set. To be sure that the UDFs work as expected, make sure the
installer ID is using LATIN:
MODFIY USER <installer-ID> AS DEFAULT CHARACTER SET LATIN;
The user <installer-ID> may be able to perform this operation itself, but it
then needs to logon again before installing the UDFs. After they are
installed, you can change the user back to UNICODE if you want:
MODFIY USER <installer-ID> AS DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UNICODE;
From then on, the UDFs will operate in Latin or ASCII mode no matter what the
user's character set is.
Do not alter the UDFs to non-protect mode until you have run the test scripts
and some other samples that you make up yourself. You can use Alter.btq to
change all the functions except decode to not-protected. (You'll have to make
your own script for decode.)
Once you are sure they are working, You may want to re-install the UDFs into the
special SYSLIB database so they can be accessed by all users without having to
qualify the function name by databasename.
Please contact me with any questions, problems, or (especially) fixes.
George Coleman
+1 503 738 9050
george.coleman@teradata.com
UPDATE June 11, 2008:
--------------------
* Replace function rewritten by Nicholas Muller. This version throws an error
if the result string will be longer than MAXIMUM_LENGTH. MAXIMUM_LENGTH is
set to 16000 in the distribution, but you may want to make it shorter. You
should not make it longer than 32000. It should match the length in the
RETURNS clause of the REPLACE FUNCTION statement in replace.btq. If you use
oreplace() to return a column, and there are other columns in the SELECT,
and the RETURNS length is a large number like 32000, then you will get a
"row size exceeded" error from Teradata. In this case, you must either
reduce the maximum length or cast the result to something shorter.
UPDATE May 14, 2008:
-------------------
* Changed the way many functions handle null input. Most will now return NULL
instead of throwing a SQL error. This should be closer to Oracle's behavior.
* Added create_test_table.bteq and test.data. Some of the test scripts use
the test table ("mytable"); these files will provide that.
* Changed all EXTERNAL NAME clauses from Sx to Cx.
* Updated copyright dates.
Miscellaneous
Functions Notes
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
grepc Usage: grepc(string1, string2)
Returns: integer count of occurrences of string2 in string1.
Satisfies RFC 52803.
capitalize Capitalize(string) returns a string
with the first word capitalized.
This module is in the initcap directory.
Oracle
Functions Notes
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
add_months This works like the Oracle add_months function, such that if the
starting date is at end-of-month, or the resulting date exceeds
the end-of-month, then the resulting date is at end-of-month.
Teradata already has an add_months(), so install this as
oadd_months() or another likely name.
ascii This rejects null input, but that is probably a bug.
ceil Defined for FLOAT and DEC(18,5). If you need more than 5 decimal
places, you must change this function.
chr This rejects null input, but that is probably a bug.
decode This one presented some real challenges. The Oracle decode()
accepts up to 256 arguments. The only restrictions on data types
are that the 2nd, 4th, 6th, ... arguments must be the same data
type as the first, and that all the others must be the same data
type, which need not be the same as the first. If we had UDFs
that accepted all combinations of seven different data types
with from 3 to 256 parameters, we would need ... well, a LOT of
modules (10,668 I think). So I decided to let you decide how
many parameters your users are going to want to use with
decode, and I wrote a perl script (decode.pl) that generates
combinations of CHAR, DEC(9) and INT, up to as many parameters
as you specify. It will also generate a BTEQ script (decode.btq)
to install them.
To use it, move decode.pl to a machine that has Perl on it (e.g.
MP-RAS) or install Perl on your PC (it's free). Then do: perl
decode.pl N, where N is the number of parameters you think
you'll need. 8 might be a good number. If someone tries to
decode() with more arguments than that, or if they try to use a
different data type, they'll get a "Function does not exist"
error message. If you want to add more data types to this, feel
free. But please forward your code to me so we can share it
with everyone else.
floor Defined for FLOAT and DEC(18,5). If you need more than 5 decimal
places, you must change this function.
greatest Defined for all pair combinations of CHAR, DEC(9) and INT. This
Oracle function can actually take more than one argument, but I
have not yet seen anyone using more than two. If we start having
to support more data types and more arguments, we'll end up with
the same problem we have with decode(). It might be easier to
convince your user to use CASE operations instead. In fact,
most uses of greatest() seem to be in combination with decode or
sign, and these expressions can be done much more cheaply with
CASE. Some users may be surprised to learn that Oracle now
supports CASE too.
initcap The initial version of this had some bugs, which should be fixed
now.
instr This rejects null input, but that is probably a bug.
last_day (of the month.) This is defined for date, timestamp and
timstamp-with-zone.
least See the notes for greatest().
length Same as Teradata's char_length. Uses strlen().
lpad Offers functionality not available in Teradata SQL.
ltrim Offers functionality not available in Teradata SQL.
months_between Unlike "cast((date1-date2 month) as integer)", this returns a
FLOAT value. Also, if the days in each date are the same or are
both end-of-month, the result is a whole number.
nvl Like COALESCE(). Defined for CHAR, INT, DEC(9) and FLOAT.
replace Offers functionality not available in Teradata SQL.
Install this as oreplace(), because we already have a REPLACE.
The MAXIMUM_LENGTH defined in the .c files should match the
RETURNS length in the replace.btq file.
round Numbers:
Defined for INTEGER, FLOAT and DEC(18,5). If you need more than
5 decimal places, you must change this function.
Dates:
Defined for DATE, TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE.
rpad Offers functionality not available in Teradata SQL.
rtrim Offers functionality not available in Teradata SQL.
sign Defined for DEC(9), FLOAT and INTEGER. Most uses of this would
be better rewritten as CASE operations.
to_char Numbers:
Defined for INTEGER, FLOAT and DEC(18,5). If you need more than
5 decimal places, you must change this function. There may be
bugs in this, because I had a hard time understanding Oracle's
format rules. Let me know if anyone complains, but get a good
explanation of how this should work before you call me.
Another note: the NLS_PARAM argument has not been implemented.
Dates:
Defined for DATE, TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE.
In Oracle, you can Spell (using SP and optionally TH) any number
that occurs in the date or timestamp, but I have only
implemented this for Day Numbers (D, DD and DDD). If you want
to add more spelling, feel free. I just got really tired of
doing all that checking in the logic for SP and TH.
to_date Defined for DATE, TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE.
to_number This returns FLOAT, so when you use it you might want to recast
the result as something more palatible, like INT or DEC(9,2).
translate Offers functionality not available in Teradata SQL.
Install this as otranslate(), because we already have a
TRANSLATE.
trunc Defined for FLOAT and DEC(18,5). If you need more than 5 decimal
places, you must change this function.
Directory /
Function Program(s) Comments
--------------- ----------------------- ----------------
add_months add_months_d.c Need to install this as "oadd_months"
add_months_t.c or something similar, since we already
add_months_tz.c have an "add_months" function.
ascii ascii.c
ceil ceilDec8.c Decimal
ceilFloat.c Float
ceilInt.c Integer
chr chr.c
decode decode.pl Use decode.pl perl script to generate
decode.test C source modules and Bteq scripts.
floor floorDec8.c Decimal
floorFloat.c Float
floorInt.c Integer
greatest greatestcc.c character - character
greatestcd.c character - decimal
greatestci.c character - integer
greatestdc.c decimal - character
greatestdd.c decimal - decimal
greatestdi.c decimal - integer
greatestic.c integer - character
greatestid.c integer - decimal
greatestii.c integer - integer
grepc grepc.c RFC 52803 (not an Oracle function)
initcap capitalize.c (var. of initcap; not an Oracle fn.)
initcap.c
instr instr_1.c
instr_2d.c decimal arg.
instr_2i.c integer arg.
instr_3dd.c decimal, decimal
instr_3di.c decimal, integer
instr_3id.c integer, decimal
instr_3ii.c integer, integer
last_day last_day_d.c date arg.
last_day_t.c timestamp arg.
last_day_tz.c timestamp-with-zone arg.
least leastcc.c character - character
leastcd.c character - decimal
leastci.c character - integer
leastdc.c decimal - character
leastdd.c decimal - decimal
leastdi.c decimal - integer
leastic.c integer - character
leastid.c integer - decimal
leastii.c integer - integer
length length.c
lpad lpad_1.c integer length
lpad_1d.c decimal length
lpad_2.c integer length
lpad_2d.c decimal length
ltrim ltrim1.c
ltrim2.c
months_between months_between_dd.c date - date
months_between_dt.c date - timestamp
months_between_td.c timestamp - date
months_between_tt.c timestamp - timestamp
nvl nvlc.c char
nvld.c decimal
nvlf.c float
nvli.c integer
replace oreplace1.c "oreplace()" because Teradata
oreplace2.c already has a "replace"
round rounddate.h
rounddate1.c date
rounddate2.c
RoundDec8.c decimal
RoundDec81.c
RoundFloat.c float
RoundFloat1.c
RoundInt.c integer
RoundInt1.c
roundts1.c timestamp
roundts2.c
roundtz1.c timestamp-with-zone
roundtz2.c
rpad rpad_1.c integer length
rpad_1d.c decimal length
rpad_2.c integer length
rpad_2d.c decimal length
rtrim rtrim1.c
rtrim2.c
sign signd.c decimal
signf.c float
signi.c integer
to_char to_char_d1.c decimal
to_char_d2.c
to_char_date.h (header)
to_char_dt1.c date
to_char_dt2.c
to_char_f1.c float
to_char_f2.c
to_char_i1.c integer
to_char_i2.c
to_char_num.h (header)
to_char_ts1.c timestamp
to_char_ts2.c
to_char_tz1.c timestamp-with-zone
to_char_tz2.c
to_date to_date.h (header)
to_date1.c 1 argument
to_date2.c 2 arguments
to_number to_number.h (header)
to_number_1.c 1 argument
to_number_2.c 2 arguments
to_number_3.c 3 arguments
translate otranslate.c "otranslate()" because Teradata
already has a "translate"
trunc truncdate.h (header)
truncdate1.c date
truncdate2.c
truncDec8.c decimal
truncDec81.c
truncFloat.c float
truncFloat1.c
truncInt.c integer
truncInt1.c
truncts1.c timestamp
truncts2.c
trunctz1.c timestamp-with-zone
trunctz2.c
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